1. Code Specifications
In practical applications, following good code specifications is very important, as it can improve the readability, maintainability, and scalability of the code. For example, class names use Pascal naming convention (the first letter is capitalized), method names and variable names use Camel naming convention (the first letter is lowercase, and the first letter of subsequent words is capitalized); code indentation should be consistent, usually using 4 spaces; each method should have a single function to avoid excessively long method bodies.
2. Performance Optimization
Performance optimization is an aspect that needs to be focused on in practical applications. Optimization can be carried out from multiple perspectives, such as using appropriate data structures and algorithms, reducing unnecessary object creation, avoiding frequent IO operations, and using caches reasonably. For example, when processing large amounts of data, using StringBuilder instead of String for string concatenation can improve performance because String is immutable, and each concatenation will create a new object.
3. Secure Programming
In practical applications, it is necessary to ensure the security of the program and prevent security vulnerabilities. For example, to prevent SQL injection attacks, PreparedStatement should be used instead of Statement to execute SQL statements; to prevent XSS attacks, user input content needs to be filtered and escaped; sensitive information, such as passwords, should be stored encrypted.
4. Framework Usage
Commonly used frameworks in Java development include Spring, Spring MVC, MyBatis, etc. In practical applications, it is necessary to proficiently master the usage methods and principles of these frameworks. For example, Spring’s IoC (Inversion of Control) and AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) are its core features, and it is necessary to understand their implementation mechanisms; MyBatis can simplify database operations, and one should master the writing of its mapping files and the use of dynamic SQL.
5. Unit Testing
Unit testing is an important means to ensure code quality, and it is necessary to develop the habit of writing unit tests in practical applications. Using testing frameworks such as JUnit, one can test individual methods or classes to verify whether their functions are correct. Through unit testing, errors in the code can be found early, reducing the cost of later maintenance.
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